{"id":32435,"date":"2023-07-31T10:49:48","date_gmt":"2023-07-31T10:49:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cyberguru.it\/2023\/07\/31\/les-fondements-dune-formation-efficace-la-theorie-de-la-charge-cognitive\/"},"modified":"2023-08-24T13:46:01","modified_gmt":"2023-08-24T13:46:01","slug":"les-fondements-dune-formation-efficace-la-theorie-de-la-charge-cognitive","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cyberguru.it\/fr\/2023\/07\/31\/les-fondements-dune-formation-efficace-la-theorie-de-la-charge-cognitive\/","title":{"rendered":"Les fondements d\u2019une formation efficace : la th\u00e9orie de la charge cognitive"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Deuxi\u00e8me rendez-vous avec Maurizio Zacchi (ici la premi\u00e8re interview<\/a>), directeur de la Cyber Academy de Cyber Guru<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n

\n

\u00ab\u00a0Le point fort d\u2019une formation commerciale efficace sur la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9, explique Maurizio Zacchi, directeur acad\u00e9mique de Cyber Guru<\/strong> , est de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des changements substantiels et permanents dans le comportement des employ\u00e9s, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que c\u2019est pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment le facteur humain qui est le plus vuln\u00e9rable \u00e0 travers lequel la cybercriminalit\u00e9 parvient \u00e0 briser les barri\u00e8res de protection\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n

Plut\u00f4t que de se pr\u00e9occuper du contenu de ce qui est enseign\u00e9, il est important de v\u00e9rifier le niveau d\u2019apprentissage, puis de comprendre si l\u2019enseignement arrivera r\u00e9ellement, et de la bonne mani\u00e8re, \u00e0 destination. En d\u2019autres termes, cela entra\u00eenera des modifications substantielles et permanentes des comportements. Ce qui importe donc, c\u2019est \u00e0 quel point la m\u00e9thode d\u2019enseignement est efficace et garantit que la mati\u00e8re enseign\u00e9e se renforcera dans les habitudes des \u00ab\u00a0apprenants\u00a0\u00bb en devenant partie int\u00e9grante de la posture num\u00e9rique de chaque individu.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n\n

Pour y parvenir, il est n\u00e9cessaire de s\u2019appuyer sur les th\u00e9ories de l\u2019apprentissage les plus innovantes. Parmi celles-ci, il y a sans aucun doute celle de la \u00ab\u00a0charge cognitive<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0\u00bb, d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e \u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 80 du XXe\u00a0si\u00e8cle par John Sweller et qui reconstruit la fa\u00e7on dont nous apprenons, en soulignant l\u2019importance d\u2019aligner l\u2019apprentissage sur l\u2019architecture cognitive humaine. Par charge cognitive, on entend l\u2019effort employ\u00e9 dans la m\u00e9moire de travail qui est li\u00e9 \u00e0 la quantit\u00e9 d\u2019informations que la m\u00e9moire de travail peut stocker en m\u00eame temps<\/strong>. La m\u00e9moire de travail a en effet une capacit\u00e9 limit\u00e9e, les m\u00e9thodes d\u2019\u00e9ducation doivent \u00e9viter de la surcharger avec des activit\u00e9s qui ne contribuent pas directement et efficacement \u00e0 l\u2019apprentissage.<\/p>\n\n

Notre espace mental est comme la m\u00e9moire d\u2019un ordinateur\u00a0: s\u2019il est trop rempli, il se bloque.<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n
\n

\u00ab\u00a0Tout d\u2019abord, explique Zacchi, il faut tenir compte du fait que la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 est une formation destin\u00e9e aux adultes qui, ayant d\u00e9j\u00e0 une vie quotidienne surcharg\u00e9e d\u2019engagements mentaux, risquent de rester avec peu d\u2019\u00e9nergie et de disponibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 consacrer \u00e0 la formation\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n

Selon la th\u00e9orie de la charge cognitive, en fait, tout se passe dans un r\u00e9cipient qui est notre \u00ab\u00a0m\u00e9moire de travail\u00a0\u00bb. C\u2019est un peu comme la m\u00e9moire de l\u2019ordinateur, si on la surcharge, l\u2019appareil se bloque. Notre cerveau fonctionne un peu de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re. Pour cela, il faut tenir compte de la disponibilit\u00e9 de la \u00ab\u00a0m\u00e9moire\u00a0\u00bb qu\u2019il est possible d\u2019utiliser pour transmettre de nouvelles notions. Remplir un r\u00e9cipient d\u00e9j\u00e0 plein n\u2019apporte aucun b\u00e9n\u00e9fice.<\/p>\n\n

\n

\u00ab\u00a0La m\u00e9moire de travail, poursuit Zacchi, doit se rapporter continuellement \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire \u00e0 long terme, une relation qu\u2019une bonne formation doit savoir g\u00e9rer de la mani\u00e8re la plus efficace. Pour ce faire, nous devons conna\u00eetre les \u00e9l\u00e9ments qui vont peser sur la m\u00e9moire de ceux qui doivent apprendre et ce qu\u2019il faut faire pour optimiser l\u2019ensemble du processus d\u2019apprentissage.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n

La bonne formation doit \u00eatre courte et cibl\u00e9e<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Une formation efficace est divis\u00e9e en plusieurs petites parties (microlearning<\/strong>) et se fixe de temps en temps sur un seul sujet (modules auto-consistants<\/strong>). C\u2019est parce que le cerveau apprend bien plus lorsqu\u2019il n\u2019est pas surcharg\u00e9 et qu\u2019il peut se concentrer sur un seul objectif. <\/p>\n\n

Donc, il vaut mieux faire un certain nombre de petites le\u00e7ons de quelques minutes \u00e9tal\u00e9es sur une ann\u00e9e plut\u00f4t que huit heures d\u2019affil\u00e9e une seule fois.<\/p>\n\n

\n

\u00ab\u00a0Une formation, dit Zacchi, concentr\u00e9e sur le court terme peut sembler plus facile \u00e0 organiser, par rapport \u00e0 un programme de formation \u00e9tal\u00e9 sur le long terme, dans une logique de formation permanente. Mais les r\u00e9sultats sont radicalement diff\u00e9rents. Dans la premi\u00e8re option, dans la plupart des cas, les informations seront perdues et oubli\u00e9es, dans la seconde, elles se transformeront en une approche comportementale qui aura des r\u00e9percussions concr\u00e8tes sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l\u2019entreprise.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La th\u00e9orie de la charge cognitive, le point fort d\u2019une formation commerciale efficace. Une formation efficace est divis\u00e9e en plusieurs petites parties (microlearning) et se fixe de temps en temps sur un seul sujet (modules auto-consistants)…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":32246,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[716,116],"tags":[659,498,502],"class_list":["post-32435","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-elearning-expert-talks-fr","category-actualites","tag-cyber-guru-fr","tag-cybersecurite-2","tag-sensibilisation-a-la-cybersecurite-fr-3"],"yoast_head":"\nLes fondements d\u2019une formation efficace : la th\u00e9orie de la charge cognitive<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Une formation efficace est divis\u00e9e en plusieurs petites parties (microlearning) et se fixe de temps en temps 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